Relationship Between Medication and Fatigue

Relationship Between Medication and jadeTitle- Fatigue as a giveing factor conducting to music problems a midst. New graduate registered nurses in a intensive safekeeping unit in Sydney western argona health service (SWAHS) betoken- The goal of piece of work was to analyse and to get deep awareness into the factors cook medicament short coming relies on nurses ability and their thinking of music problem.Methodology- In this region, the inquiryer go out classify and confer the query delineate provide be assigned to conduct the vignette lading to payoff capability of being measured testament be apply to conduct the reading. According to jiroiwong pepper (2011) quantitative enquiry indicates to the scientific and wrinkle like check out method of main episode by means of assembling quantifiable knowledge and info to accomplish a search error. The researcher pass on collect facts relating the connection amid have on and medication problem for innominate valid n urses as a specimen of this study in a form of poll and questionnaire. In quantitative research design class, this study resolving power distinctively assign non experimental speak to since the study relevantly accords with its symptomatic that has no idea of operating the erratic relationship between variables. In the words of jiroiwong and pepper (2011) the suitability of non-experimental research object relies on the nature of postulate, If rules are met. Predicament contain turn overing assaulting to spot non-accidental statistical relationship between capricious and theory is relating full-dress relationship yet, it does non everyow liberated fickle to be operated. They are many forms of research delineate under non-experimental way that contains inter-relation study draf in peculiar. This draf is more in use when the researcher wants to measure assess and see to it relationship or differences between liberated fickle and aligned fickle. starring(p) to go out, the main collide with of study is to recognize and confer the relationship between deteriorate and medication problems, where in fatigue and medication problems are devil variables of topic of eagerness without controlling fatigue among annalised nurses.Study design- find draf is described as the methodology employ in the study that serves a director for the researcher to answer the examine question. This examines prey as outlined in Part A, wants to approve best comely and research draf will be exact phenomenology or the husserlian phenomenology. The object of detailed phenomenology is to animate early(a)s thinking of effd evidence while stress the richness, meaning and deepness of experience.A part from this, Schneider et al. 2003 described that by phenomenology meet, set and belief of nurses can be showed and question that are mandatory to breast feeding can be researched. By examining the nurses we withal take data to recognize the forms that conduct in medication sup ervisional errors. As a result the draf is commensurate for the study to examine and describe as trusty as possible, the live experience and thinking of current nurses, who have under the training.Study community and sample- In suitable sampling plan is qualitative study is wide to foundation and maintain believability (Honser,2008) samples, also c whollyed as informants or partakers are selected particularly for their ability to answer the examine question preferably than correspond an overall population (Honser,2008 tuckett,2004) sampling in qualitative examine is usually small and bulls eye is more to the highest degree deep or detail of data (tuckett,2004). This study proffer for a sample size of ten to give more accent to asperity and asperity of our searchings.The study proposal is to get samples by object is necessary and usefulness sampling. Objective samples are those who are chosen based on the set of blurred conon and easy samples are the most availability sample a t had (Borbasi, Jackson Langford, 2004) target sample are nurses who have un campaigned MAE. Participants will be pulled from the infirmarys of Sydney west area health services. Samples will be approaching from the absolute wards in analysis to the high examples of medication investigations in these canny settings. In a study managed by Tang shev 44, wei subgenus Chen (2007) medical wards and all out care units are problems facing places in hospitals.Terrence James Aquino- Insertion plans are also employ to limit the capable selection biootny by objectively recognizing who can be hold to be while informer accidental planning are those who are not appropriate for the study (houser,2008).Incorporation criteria-Both genders registered nurses and nurses have talented MAE.all(a) race andRegular staff or easy access arrest working for 1 year and above in canny wards of SWAHS exception criteria-NUMsClinical nurse trainerEnrolled nurses who are not clinical endorsed assimilator ENsRec ruitment and Retention Strategies- The process starts by representing this examine plan to the SWAHS and hospital organization. The object of this to get permit and superscription in hostelry to manage this study within the hospital grounds. A letter will be sent which describes the programme, its objective and necessity to the nursing industry. It will also contain the appeal to use hospital dexterity to use hospital ease for interview. With the assurance of conduct support to this study. We apprehend a strike enlist process and high keeping rate. This will also fall down nurses disquiet relating the bad effect of involving the study.Upon acceptance by SWAHS, mobilization relation describing the nature and aim of study will be sent on the bulletin boards of each target wards. This contains the researchers contact number to call for those who are keen to participate. We will also point bunged box on the nurses stations for the interested nurses to give their name and contacts in detail. Some, who do not get sufficient associates, we strategy to mobilization period. For keeping of function, contributors will be hearten that only the inspectors can avenue recognizing information for confidentiality. greater impression will be given on description of aim of the study to recruit the compititors to stay Examine or interview m and place will be pre-planned to nurses comfortability.selective information collection- The examiners will be the dickhead for data collection. Because of the secretness of all information. The interviening transcription and data consideration will be managed the examiners. Data entry operator will be utilize one time all recognizing knowledge is vanished from the information. The researcher will be organizing recorded interview which according to Roberts and taylor(2002) are the best way to bring it unneurotic for philosophy. To reduce the danger of losing data incase of failure of system parts, the recording will be investigat ed as well as support batternes, tapes and recorder before starting of interview.The interview may be make in a secret room of local library or within the hospital staff away from the nurses wards to obey the secretness minimize the apprehension. The participants will be given the permission to chose the convenient place, date and time will be planned by them.The students who will be consulted for the interview to try on their participation, describe the nature of the study, give an overview of described take on and give them to acknowledged the study proposal.Each examine/interview will be conducted for one hour and will be increased for half an hour if required. The examiner will take note of the interviewers behave and the face style as well as the body language during the interview.The strategy of data collection is self and not organized in detail so the interviewer can explain the ability in deep and detail. This method utilizes open-ended quest to encourage the participan ts to describe about their stories and relevant their experience in deep and impressive way.Interview will begin with a want question such(prenominal) as to describe your experience related to medication administration problem. Other question will be conducted relevant on the responses to the first question. Data continues until the examiner accept douse has been accomplished. Gibbs suggests that it is suitable to fix gathering data when it has become duplicacy and no issue are emerging.Data analysis- Data estimate is mandatory to abet the researcher together useful information and may also utilized for differenciate all the achieved information, whether it is numerical data of lined experience to further attached to a result.The purpose of the study to recognize relationship between ii capricious which fatigue and medication. As a result, the researcher will make use of alternation statistic in order to estimate the data. Persons will be used to indulge the relationship of ind ependent and independent Flexibility of topic of interest. This isotropy measure is blossomed to conclude whether there is a unsuccess relationship between capricious. The time observe of the consequence is be token between -1 and +1 which announces the compass of one-dimensional relationship b/w two fickle. When jimmy shows -1 this reveals correct disconfirming correlation. While a +1 value shows perfect positive correlation. The result of zero contribute no relationship. Persons v value be declared as lean linear relationship if value r ranges from .3 to .5 and lastly, if the value r ranges over .5 then the variable shows brawny relationship. The information gathered from both methods of IIMS and questionnaire are entered into a computer and arrange to search out the periodicity of the problem.Study conduct and riguor- a quantitative research draf must ensure that tool is certain and acceptable certainity and once and for all are two methods to admit quality of the instrum ent.First main step of tools approachment is dependability. The believability of qualitative examine is relies on the comprise of responses collected over time and by asking different question about the resembling topic to certify the agreement of the information. Believeability of data collection was agreed in this study as only one researcher organized the interview. This study will use test-relate reliableness to judge that to measure not alter at two different times. This responsibility test is commonly utilized with physical and technological measures, pencil and paper scale. It is completed through organizing two same measures but in separate time and compares both scores. afterward collection of scores will impartially undergo a reliability analysis or a so called analysis coefficient is a tool to quantitatively confer the eminence of a relationship through 0.00 which is not related to + 1.00 which means there is absolute relationship. It reveals durability when the value of coefficient is high. aft(prenominal) all, if the consequence of two tests has altered value then accidental problems arise. This magnetize up is suitable as this is applicable only to quantative examine since it gets quantifiable information and the study is about recognizing relationship.Apart from this, the data collection to be utilized is paper scale and pencil that particularly applies to questionnaire in a likert scale format. Cogency is the second major gange of tool. This conclude that the tool alloments what it is assume to extent. To allowance cogency of study, the researcher will engage statistical evidence validity.Reliability of data was abolished by selecting catch up. Participants to read through their hologram and to check that the data had fluently and minutely catch their experience. Besides, two other researchers individually coded segments of some manuscript to accord the classification recognized by the interviewer.Ethical issue/consideration of data coll ection- this research section will confer application of conscientious rules and regulations that will be utilized in this study. Three uprights rules will cover during data collection to defend the affection of the participants namely informed consent right to intimately and innominateness and secrecy.conscious consent will be deliberated in data collection. It is a consent form that is written in chronicle form that must be given to anticipated sample. This accede is based on the rules of self-determination elucidating all the same information related the study where in the subject respondent may cogitate whether to participate or not in research study without any energy, cheating and any other form of bullying. In addition the description of danger and facility in participating in this study will also be included in a informed consent. Other correct rules that will be applicable in this study is secrecy. It will be differenciate by conferring to respondants that personal recogni sation will be kept secret and will not be publicly divulged. The result will only utilized for the purpose of the study not to open any personal information. In application of namelessness, the researcher divides questionnaire that contains some confidentiality such as name and age. Secrecy will be also plead in this study. Privacy is about their freedom to choose when to share all the knowledge and same information of their evidence. It will be displayed by bighearted permission the respondent to choose relating the time of their presence to answer the questionnaire.Timeline - In order to established the study the researcher must manage a timeframe in a system to organize the study. Gantt chart will be used show the process of study containing the decided starting and closing data. This study will be organized for near about 3 months Which contains sampling selection, data collection and researches, exploratory and final report.

Marketing Strategies Of Loreal Marketing Essay

grocery store Strategies Of Loreal securities industrying Es maintainThe commercialize chosen for this assignment is for cosmetic merchandiseions which have already a huge market place and growing at a rapid rate with consumers having contrasting working attitudes and path, and companies producing easilys according to the local anesthetic anesthetic requirement in congruity to the wants of the nodes and consumers. This is more evident when we comp atomic number 18 the DE (Developing and Emerging) pyramid of world(prenominal) people in 2009 getting transformed into a Diamond from a convinced(p) transition from Not Yet to Aspiring and to Have Lots. This assignment comp atomic number 18s and contrasts the sort in which two antithetic companies, LOreal and Unilever carry tabu their international trade. initially this assignment revolves around the two mega cosmetic deformity industry LOreal and Unilever and their selling tactics and strategies around the globe in a f ew countries.LOreal a cosmetic giant is operating in over 130 countries oecumenic and recorded a derangement 17.5 billion in 2009. The company records a conformable growth of over the years slice there is a dip from 2008 to 2009 especially due to economic slowdown in the ball-shaped market. The consis xt growth of the company and the sh ar in the particular market is due to its varied marketing activities and innovation in Research and Development. The Company, in 2009, has spent 5.4 Billion as Advertising and forwarding which is close to 30% of their annual revenue and 0.6 billion in Research and Development, almost line of their annual Operating Profit. The company differs itself from early(a)(a) companies in the sphere of carrefour/service design packaging brand name/logo terms advertising sales onward motion statistical distri howeverion change(s).Their website reads At LOreal, we have do cosmetics the revolve about of all our energy and know-how for nearly a pennyury. We be full committed to putt all our expertise and investigate resources to work for the public assistance of men and women, in all their diversity, around the worldUnilever, a nonher multinational giant operating in deoxycytidine monophosphate countries ( merchandises sold in one and just now(a) hundred seven-spotty countries) recorded annual revenue of close to 40 billion in 2009. Unilever spent 5.3 billion (13% of their revenue) for their Advertisement and Promotion budget and close to 18% (0.9 billion) on their Research and Development. Unilever realise that innovation is key to their progress, and through cutting-edge science they are constantly enhancing their brands, improving their nutritional properties, taste, fragrance, or functionality.It is sort of interesting to read the commencement ceremony sentence of their website On any given day, two billion people substance ab rehearse Unilever products to construe good, feel good and get more out of ca reerGlobal reach allows twain the companies to get closer to consumers in local markets to understand diverse unavoidably and priorities of peoples lives in so many different ways.The success of Brand LOreal lies in the fact that the company succeeded in reach out to the customers of different countries of the world, crosswise different income ranges and cultural patterns, giving them the appropriate product they are comely of. The area of expertise of LOreal beingness that it succeeded almost in all landed estate that it entered. The strategies of LOreal was varied enough to help it and s efflorescence itself from restricting itself in a single artless. LOreal sold its product on the basis of customer convey and country want preferably than keeping the product identical across the globe. It construct ample number of brands or mammoth brands entrenched to the dependant culture and which appealed to a variety of instalment of the universal market alternatively of genera lising the brand and edible in innumerable culture. LOreal went on to being a local product in e really international market. The brand indication of LOreal too came in the same vault of heaven or the same segment of market. LOreal believed in growing its expertise in the segment it is witting of rather than going into a bangly pertly sector of marketLOreal had built a dozen or so mega brands rooted in the local culture and appealing to different segments of the global market. kinda of homogenizing the versatile brands and do them palatable in innumerous cultures, Owen-Jones decided to em soundbox their (the brands) country of origin, act what many marketing gurus considered a contract factor into a marketing virtue.As a senior LOreal manager put it, You have to be local and as strong as the top hat locals but plump for by an international get a line and system. We have made a conscious effort to diversify the cultural origins of our brands.Brand ExtensionsLOreal co mpleted the need for wariness in case of brand extensions. The company extended its brands later doing a thorough research. When LOreal decided to enter the kids shampoo category in 1998, it debated whether to piece a reinvigorated brand or go for an extension. The company realized the LOreal name, abundant associated with womens vibrissa distribute, would capture instant credibility with moms. But Kids was truly a child-oriented product. When LOreal first unveiled its LOreal Kids shampoo line early 1998, sellers were sceptical. Retailers say the value isnt there. We say it is that the child establishes value. We were pretty tenacious. mentioned Carol Hamilton, 45, senior VP-marketing for the LOreal retail division of CosmairLOreal professionals mechanises with LOreal professional salons in order to not only call down their product but to a fault to help tomentumdressers to have a vision, jump out and accomplish.LOreal has divided their product range in five different c ategories to focus its marketing activities exclusively designed for the targeted market audience. headmaster products for the service sector calling holders manage hair salons. Consumer Products for sens consumption of local people. lavishness Products for those who want to pay a little more extra and who are cautious about how they look. Cosmetics general cosmetics. Body Shop a new sector of product range said to have based its products after getting inspired from the nature.The luggage compartment shop was ordered in 1976 in the linked Kingdom well known for its strong product base of intrinsic ingredients and having a network of over 2550 stores in 63 countriesUnilever on the other hand is a British-Dutch multinational company owning ample number of consumer products in the food, beverage and the per watchwordal care product sector. Promises to give a consistent evolution in the sustainable living plan of the commoners.In a world of hype and stereotypes, the fall Unile ver provides a refreshing alternative for women who consider in that mantrap isnt simply about how you look but it makes a current difference.squab Unilever is committed to emiting the definition of beauty for women because it believes real beauty comes in all ages, shapes and sizes. To help enjoy your own brand of beauty, fall provides an extensive range of cleansing and personal care products that make a genuine difference to the condition and feel of bark and hair. plunk is the UKs top Bar Soap brand and 45% of the population bought a genus Columba product in 2010. In fact, 10.1 billion women use Dove every week in the UK.Unilever first launched its products in the US during the 1950s, and in 1957 the underlying Dove bar formula was refined and developed into the Original Dove Beauty bar. It was launched as a beauty soap that was clinically proved to be milder on wry and sensitive skins. The pursuit years cut the launch of more bath time treats bid beauty baths and moisturising body washes.Unilever Dove then expanded its brand into antiperspirant deodorants and Pro-Age, a range of skin cream and hair care products special(prenominal)ally designed in accordance to the requirement of the local women. Unilever re-defined the definition of beauty for women. In 2010 Unilever Dove came out with another revolutionary product of Damage therapy which could be utilise by the consumers at home rather than spending a fortune on other beauty therapies to keep their hair strong damage free. In 2010 Unilever likewise diversifies its Dove products from the female sector to the male and hence the hand over of a completely new brand of products in which Unilever had never stepped its ass into, the Dove Men Care brand was formed whirl deodorants and body washes specifically designed for the male skin.LOreal entered India with the hair colour product, they changed the way consumers viewed the product. From being a product for the old-age to turn grey hair into shining black, LOreal targeted the teenaged market for whom looking stylish and to the modern mark wasimportant, a very tough job to change the mind-sets of the people.Dove entered India in the late 1993. Dove-known to be a custodian to promise gave products to women to satisfy them all over the world. Dove started giving out products which fitted to their customer requirement in the female sector. In India Dove became the fastest growing hair care shampoo product in fifteen month of its launch proving its Promotional strategies to be worth.LOreal launched a shampoo+oil in India under Garnier brand name which is ruff suited for local Indian market but Unilever standardized the product rather than launching a new brand in a local market.LOreal focuses on target customers and then tailored their supply range of mountains model according to the need of the specific geographical location while Unilever focus on mass market and depend on the boilers suit economic development and the increasing purchasing military force of the people.Portfolio of Brand charge of Unilever is quite huge although 75% of their revenue comes from only 25 study brands. Therefore strategy of Unilever is on a much broader scale of mass consumption. However, LOreal spends their major advertising activities towards focussed clientele and depends heavily on new product innovation in 2009 alone LOreal has filed for 674 patent applications.ADVERTISINGLOreal-because you are worth it, gives a kind of a fulfilment to the consumer that the kind of product the consumer was looking for, this is it. It gives the customer the belief that the product worth a business deal and hence they are worth it vali successions to them being as worthy as the product though most of planning and thinking is only a virtual belief.LOreal started its advertising private road in the late 1920 via posters and other much(prenominal) mediums. It first time appeared onscreen in 1950s in movies. In todays date L Oreal got celebrity of all ages to promote their product. The strategy that LOreal use here is to use local celebrities to whom the common man relate to rather than having unsloped one celebrity to promote their product globally. For example in India LOreal used ex Miss World Aishwariya Rai to promote their product where as in the fall in Kingdom they used Penelope Cruz to promote their product. This got LOreal the image of Traditional Beauty. LOreal knew that the stovepipe way to attract customers was to bestow the customers with the image that they could give way as lovely as their favourite celebrities.Dove on the other hand used the tactic of complementing their customers giving them a profound positive vibe by giving a positive line of you are beautiful.Dove uses mixed creative marketing strategies like utilize Facebook which is a favorable calling networking site to promote its product. Dove has made its products available to the customers on the amicable website. Dov e believes that it makes complete sense to transmit from a social networking website to a purchase worthwhile at the same place.Launching a competitive publicizing in aspiration with LOreal with the tag line Dove is No.1 Shampoo move prospective customers personalised emails with such adverts and making customer believe that it is the best the customer can get.Given the image of real women Dove never used or endorsed their products through celebrities like in the case of LOreal. Instead Unilever built a new strategy for Dove. Given the cote of being unfeigned Women Dove used a corporate advertising strategy by conglomerate cultures of women and projecting an image of self-satisfaction for the Unilever brands. Unilever tried to get their customer in the real world and by not giving them a fake hope that they could be liketheir favourite celebrity but giving them a hope that they could be beautiful with the real beauty bestowed in them.Unilever made its product Dove available to the customers through Facebook and other social networking sites in the unify States and other parts of the world, with Unilever unveiling the new ecommerce offering shortlyMarshall Manson, Europe Middle easterly and Africa managing director of digital at Unilevers PR agency Edelman, said It makes sense to allow users to move directly from a social word-of-mouth recommendation, or from information a brand has shared, to purchase.He also said that the move makes it easier for Dove to marry social activity with business values and measure their effectiveness.The news comes just days after a study by Foresee found that consumers prefer email marketing messages than social media interactions with retailer websites in the UK.Larry Freed, professorship and chief executive officer of ForeSee Results, said brands need to be aware of how their target markets are influenced by promotional emails, advertising on Facebook or word-of-mouth recommendations.SALES PROMOTIONIn India LOreal brou ght the international style by transforming the looks in the form of amenities to its customers. LOreal marked its products through hair salons, owning over 2000 saloons over 36 cities in India.LOreal and Unilever competed on getting pointed in the shelf-space in the United States to be in the eye of the customers.Dove on the other hand promoted its product by positioning itself the best that is as the number one product and also with the help of descend the seven day challenge, where dove promised healthy hair or money hold guarantee.In the United States Dove bought about the half-faced challenge. Dove asked the American customers to use the product on half of their face and feel the difference.Dove relies on websites to carry out its major sales promotions. Dove used theOscar honoring by paying huge amount to broadcast live on television on the prime advertising time a 45second advertisement to bring their product into the eyes of the people. The real beauty code used by Unil ever for Dove gained a lot of intangible possession towards Dove by Increasing customer loyalty and sales towards the brand. This led to a continuous rise in the sales of Dove from 2005 to 2006 sales of dove grew by 10.1%.LOreal on the other hand promised a reduction in the hair fall or healthy hair. LOreal carried out its sales promotion having a wide assortment with varying range of products for premium and the tenderness class. Though LOreals premium product was at low demand, LOreal kept on reinforcing them through promoting their premium brand as a look of necessity. LOreal produced its goods in the form of services to the market by distributing it through professional hair-dressers. LOreals products came with various names such as the LOreal Paris hair colour which imbibed the country name in the brand which fostered the customer the urge of possessing that product.WEBSITEThe LOreal website not only gives a brief introduction of its varied product features but it also gives information about the company history and also about the various product ranges for women in the market supplementing it with a little extra of for women categorising it specifically for them.LOreal in China launched a website in mandarin to help customer easy get atibility and making it easy for them to use the website. Due to this strategy of LOreal the customers felt more close to the brand and made it easy for the customers to access the product easily.Unilever for dove maintains its simplicity in its website also but to it dove also adds up a space for testimonials to looks at the customer reception and also gave out various offers and promotions. To that Dove had also added up an interactive session and video to show how dove has helped peoples hair giving the customers the evidence to what they claimed.They also came up with advertisement of the websites specific to that part of the region. Unilever wanted the local customer to be able to relate with the brand and see for themselves how they could look beautiful just by themselves.For example the Indian website had adverts of Dove dry hair shampoo which helped rough dry hair and prevented split-ends whereas in the United Kingdome Unilever had a range of special shampoo to reduce and prevent hair fall which generally happened in accordance to the hard water.DISTRIBUTION dealA market channel is one of the most important factors in the marketing of a product. It closures the period, space and hole in the market betwixt the consumers and the product manufacturers. In India to distribute its product Dove Unilever uses three approaches, indirect coverage, and direct coverage and Streamline method. Dove Unilever looked out for short supply-chain for distribution to meet its customers necessarily and to reach out to a huge population. In India Unilever elected sub-stockist that covered up the mass part of the marketing areas where as in the Unites Kingdome Unilever were in direct contact with the retaile rs.Over 180 million units are produced in the United Kingdom annum and 65% of it is exported overseas.LOreal believes that its their obligation to reach value for the customers and hence adopts various sales strategies to the precise distribution channel of every individual market.http//en.oboulo.com/l-oreal-s-penetration-into-the-indian-market-64841.htmlhttp//company.monster.com/lorealusafr.aspxWith 290 subsidiaries, more than 100 distributors and 42 plants, all mete out out in about 130 countries, LOreal is the leader of the cosmetic industry.The classify has begun its internationalisation in 1912 by following three steps First, commercialization of professional shampoos to hair-dressers via distributors in near Europe (Spain, Italy, Great Britain, Germany and Poland) and in the Americas first landing Second, local firms are taken over for example in the USA (Redken 1993, Maybelline 1996 etc.), in Argentina (Miss Y lang 2000) go native Third, subsidiaries (production, researc h and development) are directly created (Greenfield investment) without any first passage via distribution. It is the case in Asia (Japan and Hong Kong) globalisation.The group has to face harsh competition and new stakes like diversify its product segments (baby-boomers which break mammy-boomers American, French and Japanese young with specific tastes and men), exploit new means of distribution (like on line sales) and finally, take return before the competitors, of new emerging markets like Asia, India, Latin America, Africa and East European countries.When LOreals Professional Products Division entered India in 1997, hairdressing Industry as a market segment is almost insignificant. There were no create education and training, couple of dubious domestic products and prohibitive expensive distant brands.The first strategy of LOreal was to exploit this inherent gap in the dissilient industry and invested heavily in hairdressing and training. Their head start also ensured broa d distribution in the focussed market.We skim the top 100 cities in India and have the largest salon base in the country, of which 20 per cent is exclusive to us, contributing to 40 per cent of our revenue. Says Sharma, Director, LOreal Professional Products Division. He unless adds Our biggest cost is the education of our trade. We have over 40 trainers its an entire railroad car that needs constant oiling.In 2009, this industry alone in India is 33 Mio, growing in double digits, and LOreal Professional Products Professionnel and Kerastase are market leaders.LOreal Professional Products prides itself on a product they believe is technologically unmatched. 3.5 per cent of our sales are pumped back into research development the best technology goes back into the trade, says Vismay Sharma, director, LOreal Professional Products Division.The challenge is to beat competitors who is adopting the same strategy. But competitors are eating into the same strategy. Both Schwarzkopf, at the number two position in the industry, and Wella have launched technical training centres. Schwarzkopf even launched a by-invitation-only hairdressers rescript and flew 150 members to Goa for an inaugural meeting.Strategy of Schwarzkopf is to demand an increased commitment to turnover in return from these loyal and exclusive customers to become high hoi polloi buyers. Wella, the other brand which entered India in 2001, is aiming to be in 5,000 salons by June 2006.LOreal organizes colour in trophy, a nationwide quest to find the most creative hairdressers in the country and also sponsor hair shows besides their annual showcasing of global fashions in hairdressing and colour to give a platform to unloose creativity and lead to creating new trends in the industry.And in a fiat of distribution strategy, Schwarzkopf has just begun retailing their hair colour range to power growth. Sharma reacts, LOreal Professional Products began by selling through Parisienne salons. Thats at the heart of our business we entrust not dilute it by retailing for home use.Okay, so the LOreal brand is strong, well established within target markets, and Sharma claims sales are up in India, although figures dont come by easily in the discussion. Well, this was the time, then, to become more proactive than ever before to begin the task of evaluate out just what it was going to take to sustain their competitive advantage and ensure that they stay at the cutting edge of their field.And so, in February this year, LOreal denote the arrival of Matrix (their number one brand in the US), an inexpensive range of hair products to add to their existing offering to offer Indian hairdressers the option of using a professional brand at this determine point.The value proposition is similar. Both brands offer all the support hairdressers need, from education, complete in-salon marketing, and salon promotions. Matrix, however will thrive on depth of distribution, with a training centre in ever y city it retails in.LOreal India is the only company to offer products at three different price points luxury, premium and affordable. With this they will have a combination no one can beat.LOreal hasextensive campaign for LOreal Paris Lip Colour. They also wish to modify the product by adding SPF, so that lips can be protected from harmful. They are also putting ads in TV and out of home advertisements like hoardings, at malls on digital screenMarketing StrategyDistribution Will widen distribution network by giving various incentives to distributers, retailers, stockiest in order, not to loseself-space to competition.Promotion Will be distributing complementary lip care hightail it on minimum purchase, having tips on how the various brand ambassadors of LOreal Paris turn over Lip Colour on themselves and take care of their lips.Social obligation LOreal supports campaign for safe cosmetics which was started in October 2007. This will help in expression consumer confidence, tha t LOreal Lip colour is safeBrand ManagementLOreal had built a dozen or so mega brands rooted in the local culture and appealing to different segments of the global market. Instead of homogenizing the various brands and making them palatable in myriad cultures, Owen-Jones decided to embody their country of origin, turning what marketing experts considered a narrowing factor into a marketing virtue. LOreal believed as being local but being backed up by the global international image diversifying the traditionalroots of brands.Brand ExtensionsLOreal realized the need for caution in case of brand extensions. When LOreal decided to enter the kids shampoo category in 1998, it debated whether to launch a new brand or go for an extension. The company realized the LOreal name, long associated with womens hair care, would capture instant credibility with moms. But Kids was really a child-oriented product. When LOreal first unveiled its LOreal Kids shampoo line early 1998, retailers were scept ical.Advertising and PromotionLOreal backed its product innovations with the twelfth-largest media budget in the world. In the late eighties and early 1990s, external charges, which included LOreals advertising and promotions expenditure jumped from 37% to 47% of sales. LOreal increased its global ad spending to $1.25 billion in 1998. LOreal had a unique promotion policy for all its brands. A brand, which sold in mass-market outlets, advertised and promoted itself in a way similar to brands sold in department stores.Corporate StructureLOreal was organized as a storage area of small profit centres, some with as few as ten employees. The companys work culture back up audits and budget meetings to focus less on the spilled milk of the past, and more on leading indicators of how things would look at year-end.These meetings encouraged discussions to find out which overlooked products showed signs of life but were undercapitalized and which products were not matching expectations and n eeded pruning. The structure allowed LOreal to move fastCompetitionLOreal faced competition from various formidable rivals. On one side, cosmetic majors like Revlon and Avon and Nivea vied for shelf space. On the other, there were the giant FMCG companies like Unilever and PG. There were also local competitors like HLL-Lakme in India, Dark and Lovely in Africa, and the at one time Shu Umera in Japan (LOreal later acquired this brand).Dove brand has grown inIndia from a mere 12.5 Mio to 85 Mio in 2006 with products across the soap, shampoo, deodorant and skin care segments.Dove brand became Indias premium brand within one year of its launch. few years ago the key to success was penetration in the market but it has changed now to educating the target customers about the benefit of the product and using it the right way.Unilever in India is well positioned because they have the right portfolio, focussed brands and operates at various price points. Being the market leader in India and estimated market growth is at 40-50%, Unilevers strategy is to build the market and translate other opportunities for launching new products like serum, masks and treatments under umbrella brand of Dove.To overlay its leadership position, Unilever is constantly upgrading Dove from time to time to meet customers needs like Dove Daily, Dove dry therapy, Dove breakage therapy and son on.Levers strategy is to build rural market for increasing consumption level. Market estimate that 80% rural population have used shampoo but the big challenge is to convert the one time consumers to copy purchasers, are they buying next week.next month, next quarter?The strategy and challenge is to go deeper to media dark crossroadss and build sales which will become the market of the future. Just for an example close to 30-40% of UP, the largest state in India, is media dark.Unilever in India has started running one of their largest consumer connect initiatives Khushiyon Ki Doli. It allows them to go deeper to villages with population of 5000 people. The inspiriting part is that consumers are will to embrace new things in life if they see a value proposition.The strategy of Unilever is broadly on the following basisAdopted Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) which means home in Error and Zero LossShort supply chain module to enhance customer serviceTo meet everyones needs at various product level and price pointsPenetrate, educate and build markets for the future Project Shakti is targeted towards reaching small villages through micro financing model to reach village women.Integrate economic, environmental and social objectives with sustainable business agenda.Conclusion

Explore The Meanings Of The I Am Sayings Religion Essay

Explore The Meanings Of The I Am Sayings Religion EssayIntroductionFor the children of Israel the depot I am was very signifi trampt, for it was with this name that perfection revealed Himself to Moses in the sunburn bush encounter when He had commanded him to deliver the deal of Israel, (Exodus 36,14 ). In this case divinity fudge would be seen as a mighty saviour or the adept who brought buyback to His people from their bondage. In Johannine context, whether it is in the certify or infinite form the I am maxims essenti tot allyy were write to reveal God finished the Naz atomic number 18ne so that Israel and by telephone extension the world could receive salvation.The purpose of this discourse is to explore the meanings of the I am constructions and their implication for salvation. To accomplish this, the work of various actors along with relevant biblical ease upages will be examined and a balanced conclusion will be reached. To accomplish the above objective t he writer will explore the ii forms of the I am sayings, i.e. the predictive and absolute forms and explain their significance to salvation.The import of the I am SayingsThe I am sayings are associated with the Greek word, egoeimi, which actor, it is I, and this counsel that it is a mode of identifying oneself.1The I am saying are twain fold in temper, one is with the pronoun ego used for emphasis. This is essentially the I am sayings with predicates or those followed by a noun. Bauckham cited in Longenecker, argued the predicates were used by John to describe deliveryman as the one through which people could receive salvation. The new(prenominal)(a) assign of I am sayings were characterized as the absolute which the author stated were used by John to reveal the Nazarene divinity or deity.2The predicated I am sayings include examples such as I am the Bread of Life, I am the igniter of the World, etcetera These sayings represent descriptions of saviour as the author of the ever becomeing(a) and the symmetry of the Godhead, for example, as in John 633.3Bauckham cited in Longenecker also pointed that the heptad predicated I am sayings, were significant in Jewish culture. He concluded that seven represented completeness in Jewish culture, gum olibanum the seven I am sayings above represented completeness in christ.4This point of look on although debate up to(p), speaks to the inadequacy of Judaism.Kysar examined the sayings from a cultural-historical context and argued that the, I am sayings was an essential part of Hellenistic unearthly panorama, thus John whitethorn spend a penny intentionally written them in that way as a method of affirming rescuer identity in contrast to the holds of Hellenistic gods.5This plausibly means that John got the attention of the Hellenist because he wrote about something that they were familiar with but from a several(predicate) perspective, which was to introduce savior. The author concedes to this office when he argued that the I am sayings introduced Jesus as the ecclesiastic revelation of God, for example, the use of predicates like the Good shepherd, promoted Jesus in some(prenominal) the Hellenist and Jewish customs dutys. For followers of the Jewish tradition it meant that just as Yahweh is one True God, so is Jesus the one True Revealer, none other is compar satisfactory.6Mc Grath rendered correlations of Johns I am sayings in Old Testawork forcet traditions. For example, he claims that they allude to fundamental themes in the Old Testament, and apply them to Jesus. therefrom when God revealed Himself as I am to Moses and Jesus uses the term, I am He is implying that He is God or He was declaring His divinity.7It would seem that thither was a correlation between the I am sayings and some of Jesus miracles. The resurrection of Lazarus is an example, mayhap this miracle was used to allow the earshot to see that He is truly Lord. This may be seen in the number o f days for which Lazarus was had been dead.A similar view is proposed by Kaysar who conceded that the I am sayings were concurrent with the signs or miracles fareed by Jesus for example, the feeding of the five thousand and Lazarus resurrection were both used to declare different aspects of the somebody of Christ.8From the above it is seen that the I am sayings, were essential in bring out Jesus in a descriptive way so that the audience could connect to His divinity. The degree to which this aim was achieved is sometimes questionable because a plumping section of the Jews appeared oblivious to Jesus declaration which culminated in hostility and lastly His crucifixion. At this juncture the predicted I am sayings will be discussed.The predicated I am Sayings1) I am the Bread of Life- John 635This saying refers to Jesus as the source of unfailing life. It also implies that the human race race is in a perpetual state of hunger, fronting for food for thought to satisfy the soul, this hunger refers to the emptiness that a person feels without Jesus in their lives.The above view is supported by Quast, who suggested that Jesus used this saying to make a comparison between Himself and Moses in terms of the temporary nature of the Manna which Moses offered. harmonise to him Moses manner was used to satisfy the fleshly hunger, whilst Jesus as the Bread of Life satisfies spiritual hunger. Additionally Quast storied that Jesus used this saying to prove that He transcended Moses, perhaps hinting to His deity. The author also makes reference to other Old Testament links to this sayings, by proposing that it is related to the Wisdom tradition of Solomon, as seen in (Proerbs 95) and Isaiah, (Isaiah 551) where God is described as Bread.9This wisdom then can be seen as a way of giving life because much swelling is pulln to it in the Proverbs, for example, Proverbs 17, Proverbs 212 and galore(postnominal) more. Quast added a different perspective to this view when he concluded that this is more differentiate of Jesus deity which shows that He pre-dated the prophets of old.10Perhaps this is indication that Jesus was set up to usher a new paradigm which the Jews were not ready for, which is, picture in Him would result in their salvation and satisfaction so that there would be no need to keep looking for salvation in the works of the Law.Some authors ease up theorized that Jesus used this saying to encounter the Jews into an intimate relationship with Him. This is seen when He challenges them to eat the Bread of Life and sop up His bring downning, (John 653).11This intimacy would result when the Jews came into a relationship with Jesus, but they distinctly missed the point as in indicated in the negative reaction of some of the Jews, (John 666). This confirms that they had an ulterior motive for following Jesus who was want to address their error in thinking. This also shows that there was a lack of sync between Jesus proclamations and the understanding of what He meant, evanescely, He was having a difficult time reaching them.This passage has been reinterpreted as communion for the Christian however, this view has come under attack from Casey who contended that it was meant to rivet on Christ and belief in Him.12Caseys criticism is weak because in communion the focus is on Christ, (1 Corinthians 11).The main message of this saying is that anyone, who receives Jesus, will have eternal life. Thus there will be no need to search for alternative means of satisfying this spiritual hunger.2) I am the Light of the World John 812This saying suggests that Jesus is the yet true Light, as indicated by use of the. The use of the word a light would have conveyed, something different, meaning one of many lights with no peculiar(prenominal) significance. Thus it is this one True Light who is able to dampen salvation, the delay of the explanations below provides support for this viewpoint.When Jesus refers to Himsel f at the Light, He is indicating that He is the source who can bring illumination in the lives of people. This illumination means that He can bring profound spiritual understanding in the lives of men and women which can lead to salivation.13This is seen in the healing of the blind man in whom both fleshly healing and spiritual brain wave about Jesus deity was received. Furthermore it underscores that Jesus is seeking to cure the inner sightlessness of man which can lead to eternal death. Winstanley confirms this view by last-place that, Jesus is able to give deliverance from inner blindness, vestige and ignorance to the insight and vision of faith.14The idea of Jesus giving spiritual insight is testament of His deity.Ridderbos took a more critical view of this saying by signifying that it shows a contrast between day and night. Day in this context means opportunities for Jesus to work presumably to bring the Jews toward Him as the Light, where as darkness refers to the limitat ions of time which constrained how much could be achieved.15This view is confirmed in John 1235. Clarke also presented a pessimistic view by suggesting that Jesus intentions were to use His authority to bring condemnation and to expose all their iniquities and sins.16Clarkes idea shows a clear deficiency in understanding of Jesus motive. Jesus boldly stated that He does not pass head in John 815.Some of the Jews rejected Jesus try to bring illumination into their lives. Winstanley contended that despite the Light of the Gospel presented to people they may still fail to learn and understand.17This is probably because people may favor to persist in bondage than to receive deliverance.3) I am the admission for the Sheep John 107I am the gate for the sheep this word parallels the mass exodus of the Israelites from Egypt (Exodus1213). This deliverance was accompanied by the sprinkling of the blood of a spotless lamb on the door post of both Israelite (Exodus1213). Keller postulat ed that everyone who went through this sprinkled door was guaranteed protection from Gods judgement. He further claims that a person went out through that door to liberty, freedom and a new proportionality of life under Gods direction.18Kellers claim is synonymous with Jesus salvation, for example, the door way in Israels case is similar to Jesus as the way or gate to salvation. Similarly, the blood on the doorpost parallels the blood of Jesus which was shed. Consequently, when an idiosyncratic comes through Jesus salvation is received, (John 1019).Weaver conceded with the above epitome by stating that this saying implies that Jesus is the barely way to salvation, He is the access to the Father.19This is probably because many others proclaimed another way, they are referred to as thieves, strangers because they cannot give salvation. Jesus thus had the task of correcting the falsehood associated with Jewish religious tradition but they fail to perceive His intentions. Weaver su ggested that Jesus explanation may have been double because of the use of Greek terminology, paroimia which means proverb. He claims that this may have been deliberate on Jesus part because this saying was intend for His disciples.204) I am the Good Shepherd John 1011Here Jesus is seen as the ultimate guide to the Father, the extraordinary have it away for the sheep or humanity led Him to become a lamb so that this guidance to the Father may be possible.Harris confirms the above by suggesting that for a literal sheepherder with a literal flock, the shepherds death would have spelled catastrophe for the sheep in this instance it spells life for them.21Tiat argued from a similar persuasion by noting that Jesus became a lamb to save the sheep.22OGrady proposed that Johns use of the word shepherd was to convey the reciprocal relationship between Jesus and the exclusive sheep. fit to him this signifies intimacy in the Christian Jesus context and in the unity which is characteristic of the relationship between Jesus and the Father. This union is what leads to eternal life.23A similar idea is proposed by Brown who suggested that this intimacy qualifies the shepherd to perform duties on behalf of the sheep.24MacLaren added that these duties included guidance, guardianship, companionship, sustenance. He continued by stating that in response to these duties the sheep simply obeys and trusts the shepherd.25This idea suggests that Jesus is able to meet all the needs of the person who will trust in Him, Tait stated that this is because the Shepherd has intimate knowledge of the sheep,26this intimate knowledge is only possible with someone who is Omniscient, thus proving that divinity of Christ, as seen in the many instances where He was able to perceive what people thought, Luke 1117.Jesus identified Himself as a true shepherd which denotes exclusivity, i.e. He is the only shepherd who can give eternal life, and all the others are false. Sanders cited in Barrett supp orted the above by noting that the Sheep referred to Israel who was bombarded with many false messiahs.27Thus it is seen that Jesus used this saying to set Him apart from the false messiahs so that Israel may believe on Him.This salvation is not only exclusive to Israel but is extended to the entire world. This is seen in John 1016, the idea conveyed by use of the term, other sheep, is that salvation is extended to the Gentile world.285) I am the Resurrection and the Life John 1125This saying was in conjunction with Lazarus resurrection. This showed that Jesus has authority over death and able to give life beyond the natural, which is basically eternal life.Guardinis work confirms the above when he stated that, mortality has no footing on Jesus.29He extended his view by proposing that the person who is in Christ has a life which will transcend death. The authors view clearly confirms that the eternal life and resurrection of the Christian is only possible in Jesus. Clarke veritabl e this argument by examining the concept of life, which he contended is the life of the soul which surpasses the thought of death and only attained in Jesus.30In response to this claim Micklem concluded that our redemption is completed beyond the grave, but it must begin in our hearts now.31Micklems view suggests that external life and the resurrection on the last day is only possible when a person has received Christ in this lifetime.This resurrection also infers the glorified body that the Christian will have when resurrected. Martini supports the above by noting that Christians will one day possess the physical and spiritual embodiment of a resurrected life just like Christ.32This is the completion of eternal life for the Christian, escape from eternal damnation which is described in Matthew 25.6) I am the Way the legality and the Life John 146In this saying Jesus points to Himself as the only caterpillar tread to salvation.Martini suggested that term I implies exclusiveness, meaning that Jesus is the only means to salvation, the only truth and the only life.33He went on to describe Way as the direction and process of salvation which involves acknowledgment of the Way and then repentance. Micklem agreed, by hinting to Jesus mediatory capacity in which He leads those who receive Him to the Father.34In addition Martini concluded that Jesus illustrated truth by making predictions which came to pass in other words, He substantiated everything He said about Himself.35Micklem added the saying means deliverance from falsehood, error, judgement and blindness from the truth. He continued by stating that Jesus exposes the truth of the soul in relation to the verity of God.36This implies that He exposes the hopelessness of the soul without Him and His ability to give eternal life. This exposure of the Truth of soul sometimes produces hostility as in the case of the Pharisees, thus there must be a corresponding acceptance of Truth for salvation to occur.7) I am th e True Vine John 151This imagery shows that Jesus as the Vine gives life to the branches, thus the Christian can only be sustained in Him.37Meyer makes a similar card by noting that the use of the word True is used to make a distinction between the eternal and the temporal.38This is perhaps to contrast the temporal nature of Judaism or religion with the enduring nature of Jesus salvation.The branches or the Christians are also sustained by producing fruit. Talbert speculated that this refers to evangelism and manifesting all the fruits of the Christian life.39OGrady and Hylen reached a similar conclusion by noting that fruits refer to cope which is a sign of Christianity. This love is able to sustain the Christian. He also noted that the Christian is able to bear fruit only if they remain faithful to Gods word.40This suggests that the bearing of production has eternal implication which is if a Christian does not live a holy life the result is eternal damnation.The Christian is p runed to promote fruitfulness.41This thin out is necessary for salvation, John 152, 5-6. Thus, the only guarantee of salvation is to remain in Christ daily, not merely receiving Him and living carelessly. This is perhaps because God expects the Christian to make disciples as is commissioned in Matthew 2819-20.1) The coercive SayingsThe absolute sayings essentially relate to Jesus divinity. However some have ordinary meanings, for example, John 620, I am should be soundless as Jesus identifying Himself to the disciples to calm their fears. This is in contrast to the reactions of the soldiers at Gethsemane who savage to the ground when Jesus used the term. I am.42The reaction of the soldiers clearly proves the deity of Jesus. The I am sayings in the absolute sense prove the deity of Christ as is seen in John 839, where Jesus constituted that He predate Abraham,43a statement which prompted the Jews to accuse Him of blasphemy. This reaction probably shows that they were clearly not prepared for the change which Jesus was ushering.Some authors have attacked the validity of the I am sayings by hinting to its absence in the other synoptic Gospels.44Casey noted that in some instances Jesus appeared to be ambiguous which probably led to a misinterpretation on the part of the Jews. From this view this misinterpretation informed their unbelief. Barrett also noted that some of the sayings lack illuminance such as I am the Good Shepherd, which is difficult to understand. According to him this is because John combines several themes which do not express a clear thought.45Brown criticized this view by stating that the I am Sayings, are honest of truth and of grace too. They are transparently clear and unfathomably deep.46Browns view holds relevance because the criticisms above do not apply to all the sayings which in many cases correlated with miracles to inspire the Jews to believe, so that if the sayings were ambiguous then the miracles would provide clearness thu s, it is the Jew who chose to disbelieve.ConclusionThe main theme of the I am sayings is salvation through Christ. These sayings promote various aspects of Jesus character and deity and simultaneously show how people could resist the gospel because of religious traditions or ideology. In rig words the pride produced by self righteousness can be a major hindrance to a persons salvation. This is because in such instances the individual defines themselves righteous consequently, the gospel may be seen as an offense to them. Thus the method used to present the Gospel should be one where Christ is the central message and not an attack on religious ideology.

School Shootings: Causes and Warning Signs

School injures Causes and Warning SignsThe Virginia Tech Massacre, the Sandy knock off shooting, and the aquilegia High School Massacre ar publications that people leave behind never forget. School shootings are a rare occurrence tho for the people experiencing these events clipping stands still, and they will never forget. This paper will step at the reasons why these events take mail, and the warning signs displayed by the triggermans in advance the event happens. This paper will as well as explore what the medias role in covering the shooting events, and the opposeive measures that engender been make over period to combat this render that faces domesticateings around the world.The number single issue that faces electric shaverren nowadays is b relishery in civilize. It is non just the face to face typeface of push around that is thought of when a person thinks of bullying. Todays youthfulness have to face cyber bullying along with the face to face bully ing at instill. Roland defines bullying as continuing, negative behavior directed toward a victim by an individual or grouping (2002). some other ponder c altogethers the spell of bullying marginalization. They define this as the act of pushing individuals immaterial the realm of accessible signifi give the bouncece (Mongan, Hatcher and Maschi 2009). Yet another(prenominal)(prenominal) word associated with bullying that came from Mongan, Hatcher, and Maschis study is what is called masculinity ardours (2009). There study was conducted on the columbine shooting. This is a statement from a survivor of that shooting describing what was said to the devil young men that committed the shooting.Sure we tantalised them. But what do you expect with kids who come to initiate with weird hairdos and horns on their hats? Its not just jocks the whole schools disgusted with them. Theyre a bunch of homos..If you want to get rid of someone usually you tease em. So the whole school would c all them homos (Gibbs Roche, 1996, p.48).Bullying would be a form of peer rejection. When a person is rejected by one group that they see as a positive, they may be pushed to another group that will have a negative influence or even resort to social isolation. Studies carry that if a person has a strong attachment to family, peers, and school they are less likely to be an offender of delinquent acts (Curran and Renzetti 2001). They will see themselves as outcasts from the mainstream groups, and he or she will grow a large amount of animosity toward the group that bullied them. There has been some research conducted on the effects of bullying on school shooters, but bulling may be just a atom smasher and not the main reason. Hann and Mays conducted a study and found that two thirds of all the offenders were bullied prior to the shooting incident (2013). Hanns and Mayss study does show a connection between bullying and school shooting, but also shows that the bully or bullies may n ot be the specific fools. They call forth that the stats show that bullies are the targets, but then go on to put forward that the shooters randomly target students in the school forgetting about the bullies (Hanns and Mays 2013). They may extend to more weight to the theory that bullying is more of a throttle to the shooting than a main reason. Being bullied at school can lead to indicators or warning signs that a child may be going in the wrong direction. If the child becomes very isolated from social interactions this may be a warning sign that he or she may be having problems. Mongan, Hatcher, and Maschi show the stages that a person goes through before the final act of abandon. They have come up with a personate called the stages of Change Model. This informative bewilder shows people what to look for in regards to a childs behavior. The table on the next page shows the diametric stages that a child may go through before committing the school shooting. This chart is to show school administrators and parents the warning signs to look for.TABLE 1 Applying the spots-of-Change Model to Youth At Risk of Committing a School ShootingStages of change Identifying signs Thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of at-risk youthStage 1 Precontemplation _ Has thoughts about planning or engaging in a school shootingStage 2 Contemplation _ Feels unfairly treated Has grandiose ideas of getting back at the school or othersStage 3 Preparation _ Weighs the pros and cons of attempting a school shooting Has morbid fantasies of death Develops a plan of attackStage 4 Action _ Commits to follow through on plan_ Withdraws from others_ Obtains weapons for attackStage 5 Maintenance _ Establishes a plan and sets a date for the attack_ Spends era rehearsing plans (i.e., thinking about it or practicing)Stage 6 Termination _ Feels attack is justified_ Completes the attack (murder and/or suicide) (p.639)These warning signs are used to alleviate interrupt a manageable shoo ting.Other issues that may also push a child to delinquency or other offensive activitys may include demoralize in the home. If a child is already having a tough time at school, and then he or she goes to an abusive home spiritedness this will have a negative effect on the child. He or she may also have a personality disorders that have an effect on the delinquency, and this can practically lead to suicide (Hann and Mays 2013). unwarranted movies and music have also been linked to cutthroat behavior along with interest in firearms and bombs. Other psychological problems including depression, impulse control, or sadistic tendencies have been linked to school shooters (Hann and Mays 2013). Another argument that is being made is the accessibility of flatulencys in the United States. Hann and Mays study headways out that this is a major(ip) factor in the persons ability to commit the act of a school shooting (2013). However, Mongan, Hatcher, and Maschi (2009) point out about the approachability of guns in America that, school shootings have also occurred in countries that use strict gun control laws, and school shootings did not begin in America until 1966 even though there was a pro gun culture (p637).When these types of events take stick people want to place the damn on someone or something to achieve closure. This is when the consign game starts and blame is pushed from one person or thing to another. gibe to Hann and Mays parents are often at least partially to blame for the shooting then followed by teachers and school administrators (2013). However, there is another source that many people place at least some blame withal and that is the media.The media insurance coverage of school shooting is very highly scrutinized among the victims and researchers alike. Some researchers put a bargain of blame on the media for their coverage of these events. The people who make these claims seem to think that the medias coverage of these events cause cop y cat school shooters. Hann and Mays point out that school shootings did not attract the media attention before 1997 as they do now (2013). The first major event that got the media coverage that Hann and Mays are speaking of is the Columbine shooting in 2001. It was the worst high school shooting of the time killing 12 students and one teacher and is believed by some to inspire others to commit similar crimes in different move of the United States (Hann Mays 2013).A study was conducted by Haravuori, Suomalainen, Berg, Kivirousu, and Marttunen to see what impact the media coverage had on adolescents traumatized in a school shooting. This study was conducted on 231 students ripened 13-19 years in Finland. A similar study was conducted on students at Virginia Tech after that shooting. There were three types of journalistic behavior see during the media coverage of both events. These behaviors included behaving badly, media mod, and displaying compassion. Both studies concluded that that being approached by the media and being interviewed had a negative effect on posttraumatic distress (2011). closely media outlets would say that they were doing what the people want them to do and that is to report the news, and something as swelled as a school shooting would consume to have drawn-out coverage to get all that compulsions to be reported. They would also press that they show great sympathy for the victims and their families. Where the issue lies for the researchers is when the encompassing coverage becomes too extended. Hann and Mays suggest that the media coverage prolongs the grief found in the communities that experience these tragedies (2013). What is meant by that statement is that the media prolongs the grieving process in that the people have to live over the event every time they step out their door or turn on the television. The researchers say that media of necessity to stick to just the facts of the event and not over do the coverage with need less information. The entire how, why, and the target selected may spark another school shooting at another location according to the researchers.The prevention of these types of crimes has to be combated early before the crime even happens. Parents, teachers, and school administrators need to see the warning signs early to prevent these types of crimes in their communities. The majority of the effort should be placed on prevention. According to Hann and Mays (2013), In almost all shootings there were signs that the shooter or shooters skill be preparing for this violent act. Over 90% of the shootings studied were planned at least 2 days ahead, and most of these shootings were discussed by the perpetrators via social media currently before they occurred (p.52). They also say that the media needs to tone back on the coverage of school shootings to help prevent other possible shootings (2013). Another possible prevention is schools suspension practices. If a child is suspended from school then that child may not have the proper care at home. If a child is already displaying warning signs of a possible delinquent then this type of punishment will only annoy his or her already fragile condition (Hann Mays 2013). Hann and Mann state that some school districts have created crisis management teams to visual sense with possible school shootings. Mongan, Hatcher, and Maschi conducted a across the nation survey in 2007 that concluded that, 6% of students had carried a weapon on school property (p. 635). They suggest that the policies that schools have in place that green goddess with carrying weapon on their campus is not enough and that better measure need to be in place to help prevent and combat the issue of school forcefulness. Schools need to provide workshops to educate on the stages of change model (Table 1) and how it applies to school violence, and instituting and formal referral process in the schools (Mongan, Hatcher, Maschi 2009).Almost all of the a uthors of articles that deal with school shooting do say that more steps need to be taken to prevent these acts of violence from happening. These authors contend that due to the violent nature of these crimes and the negative effect that it has on our society that stronger measures need to be implemented in our schools. School administrators and parents need to look for the warning signs that the child displays, and they need to have a reporting system in place that will handle the problem before it escalates. They also say that the media needs to scale its coverage back to limit the amount of time it takes for the confederation to heal. Media outlets need to be aware that they may inadvertently spark a copycat school shooting at another location with the extended coverage that is given to these types of events. A group that has studied school shootings has produced a chart that shows the different stages of progression that a possible school shooter may go through before committin g the act. They suggest that schools have workshops for parents and teachers to help with seeing the warning signs before they get out of hand.ReferencesCurran, D.J., Renzetti, C.M. (2001) Theories of Crime (2nd ed). Needham Heights, MA Allyn Bacon.Center for the Prevention of School Violence (2002, May). Just what is school violence New brief. Retrieved November 21, 2008, from http//www.ncdjjdp.org/ cpsv/index.htmlCenter for Disease Control. (2008). Understanding school violence. Retrieved November 21, 2008, from http//cdc.gov/ncipc/dvp/YVP/SV_FactSheet.pdfGibbs, N., Roche, T. (1999, December 20). The Columbine tapes In five secret videos they recorded before the massacre, the killers reveal their hatreds-and their lust for fame. Time, 154(25), 40- 51.Haan, P., Mays, L. (2013). Children Killing Children School Shootings in the United States. Social Work analyse / Revista De Asistenta Sociala, (4), 49-55.Mongan, P., Hatcher, S., Maschi, T. (2009). Etiology of School Shootings U tilizing a Purposive, Non-Impulsive Model for Social Work Practice. daybook Of Human Behavior In The Social Environment, 19(5), 635-645. doi10.1080/10911350902910583Reddy, M., Borum, R., Berglund, J., Vossekuil, B., Fein, R., Modzeleski, W. (2011) Evaluating risk for targeted violence in schools Comparing risk assessment, threat assessment, and other approaches. Psychology in the Schools, 38, 2, 157172.Roland, E. (2002) Bullying, depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts. Educational Research, 44, 5567.

Discuss the role of friendship in Northanger Abbey. Essay -- Essays Pa

Discuss the utilisation of intimacy in Northanger Abbey.This essay forget discuss the role of friendship in Northanger Abbey byexamining the different types of friendships between CatherineMorland, Isabella Thorpe and Eleanor Tilney in the novel, alongsidethe entailment of friendship to the plot and themes of the novel. Whether ace stand regard scarce honest friendships as important will excessively beexplored.In Northanger Abbey (NA) there are dickens main friendships, that ofCatherine and Isabella and Catherine and Eleanor. These dickensfriendships can be seen as a total contrast to one another. Catherine is very pleased to watch Isabella after being defeated innot seeing Mr Tilney again. The fibber informs the reader thatCatherine is fortunate in determination a friend as Friendship is certainlythe finest balm for the pangs of disappointed love. (p.18 NA). Isabella being the elder of the 2 has much much knowledge of with-it society than Catherine and is, theref ore, able to hearher a great deal almost the expectations of society at that fourth dimension. Catherine initially looks up to Isabella and considers herself luckyto have tack such a salutary friend (p.19 NA).Isabella and Catherines friendship grows very quickly, unlike that ofCatherine and Eleanor, which progresses much more gradually. Isabellais very free with her friendship, professing to do anything for herfriends, steady when she has known them only a short time. In contrast,Eleanor takes her time to get to know Catherine. She is outlying(prenominal) moresophisticated than Isabella and does not protrude into a friendshipwithout acquiring to know someone first. It is only during Catherinesstay at Northanger Abbey that the two women become close friends.There are v... ...expecting nothing in return. (www.kettering.edu). Eleanor would not quite do anything for her friend. Even though sheregarded Catherine as a certain friend, Eleanor still puts family loyaltybefore Cathe rine even though she disagreed with her father.Nevertheless, both Isabella and Eleanors friendships in NorthangerAbbey are crucial for evolution and maturing Catherines character. BibliographyAusten, Jane. 1818 1990 Northanger Abbey, ed. by bottom Davie, with anintroduction by Terry Castle, Oxford valets Classics, Oxford OxfordUniversity PressRegan, Stephen. Ed. 2001. The Nineteenth-Century legend A CriticalReader, London RoutledgeDa Sousa Correa, Delia. Ed. 2000 The Nineteenth-Century NovelRealisms, London Routledgewww.sparknotes.com/ light up/northangerabbey Accessed 21 January 2004www.kettering.edu Accessed 21 January 2004 Discuss the role of friendship in Northanger Abbey. seek -- Essays PaDiscuss the role of friendship in Northanger Abbey.This essay will discuss the role of friendship in Northanger Abbey byexamining the different types of friendships between CatherineMorland, Isabella Thorpe and Eleanor Tilney in the novel, alongsidethe significance of frie ndship to the plot and themes of the novel. Whether one can regard only true friendships as important will also beexplored.In Northanger Abbey (NA) there are two main friendships, that ofCatherine and Isabella and Catherine and Eleanor. These twofriendships can be seen as a total contrast to one another. Catherine is very pleased to meet Isabella after being disappointed innot seeing Mr Tilney again. The narrator informs the reader thatCatherine is fortunate in finding a friend as Friendship is certainlythe finest balm for the pangs of disappointed love. (p.18 NA). Isabella being the elder of the two has much more knowledge offashionable society than Catherine and is, therefore, able to teachher a great deal about the expectations of society at that time. Catherine initially looks up to Isabella and considers herself luckyto have found such a good friend (p.19 NA).Isabella and Catherines friendship grows very quickly, unlike that ofCatherine and Eleanor, which progresses much more g radually. Isabellais very free with her friendship, professing to do anything for herfriends, even when she has known them only a short time. In contrast,Eleanor takes her time to get to know Catherine. She is far moresophisticated than Isabella and does not jump into a friendshipwithout getting to know someone first. It is only during Catherinesstay at Northanger Abbey that the two women become close friends.There are v... ...expecting nothing in return. (www.kettering.edu). Eleanor would not quite do anything for her friend. Even though sheregarded Catherine as a true friend, Eleanor still puts family loyaltybefore Catherine even though she disagreed with her father.Nevertheless, both Isabella and Eleanors friendships in NorthangerAbbey are crucial for developing and maturing Catherines character. BibliographyAusten, Jane. 1818 1990 Northanger Abbey, ed. by John Davie, with anintroduction by Terry Castle, Oxford Worlds Classics, Oxford OxfordUniversity PressRegan, Stephen. Ed. 20 01. The Nineteenth-Century Novel A CriticalReader, London RoutledgeDa Sousa Correa, Delia. Ed. 2000 The Nineteenth-Century NovelRealisms, London Routledgewww.sparknotes.com/lit/northangerabbey Accessed 21 January 2004www.kettering.edu Accessed 21 January 2004

Single Gender Classes Essay -- Education, Single Sex Classrooms

When girls ar asked to express their feelings, or if they feel stressed they empennage share this information with their teachers and friends. They can in any case provide details and they go away look you in the eye when they are explaining their problem. Boys find it very heavy to talk about their feelings and provide non give details unless they are asked specific questions. Even then they will give very particular information because they do not know how to communicate what their feelings are. Boys deal with restrict stress well and may actually do better because of it. They also feel excited when faced with threat and confrontation. In school they will thrive if a teacher presents a challenge or arguing within a lesson and if they do become stressed they will indigence to be alone when they are trying to deal with it and they will not immortalise any emotion, so teacher may not be able to tell when boys are stressed. When girls are separated in sensation sex clas srooms, they had a despotic attitude, they are very focused on learning, and their behavior is not a problem. However, when researchers looked at the behavioral patterns of boys, they had more fights when girls were not present. They were louder, and more boys were cheating on tests. In addition, the larger boys tended to bully the little boys, and the classroom was aggressive and competitive (Jackson, 2002 Gray & Wilson, 2006). Teachers in exclusive sexual practice classes need to enforce strict classroom rules and follow them. Successful studies with single gender boys classes have clear, concise, rules and there are consequences for those that chose not to follow the rules. Rewards for trance behavior motivated boys and it presented them with the challenge that they thrive on. Developm... ... each lesson. The test lashings will be compared between the co-educational and single gender groups. If the test pull ahead are higher on the discernments then a final assess ment will be given to confirm the findings. A bar interpret is developed for each disciple (Appendix C) to show the progress of each case-by-case boy in each group. The progress monitoring results will show if the math intervention was successful in the single gender group. distributively member of the math department will analyze the visual sense questions and answers. The survey will show if each boy enjoyed the study and the single gender classroom setting. Each parent will be given a survey (Appendix D). It would be important to the study to see if the parents had any positive or negative influence on their sons. The bar graph and student survey results will be shared with the parents at the student conferences.

Fairy Tales and Gender Roles Essay example -- Fairy Tales Gender Socia

Fairy Tales and Gender RolesSome things about world-beater tales we know to be true. They begin with once upon a time. They end with merrily ever after. And somewhere in between the prince rescues the damsel in distress. Of course, this is non actu in wholey the case. Many pansytales omit these essential words. But few fairytales in the westerly tradition indeed fail to have a beautiful, hands-off maiden save by a vibrant man, usually her greatest in either social rank or in clean-living standing. Indeed, it is precisely the passivity of the women in fairy tales that has led so umteen progressive parents to wonder whether their children should be exposed to them. Can any daughter ever really believe that she can grow up to be president or CEO or an astronaut after quintet viewings of Disneys Snow White?Bacchilega (1997, chapter 2) chooses Snow White as a more or less pure form of gender archetype in the fairytale. She is mostly flavour at occidental traditions and foc using even more particularly on the two best known versions of this story in the West, the Disney animated icon and the Grimm Br dissimilars version of the tale. However, it is important to note (as Bacchilega herself does) that the Snow White tale has hundreds of spoken versions collected from Asia Minor, Africa and the Americas as well as from across Europe. These tales of course transfer in the details The stepm some other (or sometimes the mother herself) attacks Snow White in a variety of divers(prenominal) miens, and the maiden is forced to take safety with a number of different kinds of unlikely protectors robbers, assassins, giants, and fairies as well as those adorable Disney dwarves (Bacchilega, 1997, p. 29).Each version of Snow White, no matter how different the surface details, shares several factors in common that are central to the delegacy gender is described and used in so many Western fairytales The heroine has a wondrous origin, she is innocent, she is pers ecuted at the hands of a jealous old(a) woman, she is apparently killed (or dies) and she is then resurrected (Bacchilega, 1997, p. 31). The most striking of these elements is female jealousy, because while it is sure not essential to the plot, it is a ubiquitous element of these stories.Fairytales, like other commonly performed cultural texts, must be seen in some sand as methods of instruction. We tell stories to our children to entertain and amuse them, to ... ...bmissive. When the princess make believes tired of dealing with all the terribly obnoxious princes that her parents keep sending to her in an effort to posit her married off, she turns Prince Swashbuckle into a gigantic warty toad. And when the other princes heard what had happened to Prince Swashbuckle, no(prenominal) of them wanted to marry Smartypants... and so she lived gayly ever after (Cole, 1986, p. 29).And in the recent film version of Cinderella, (Ever After), the orphaned missy saves herself both throu gh physical bravery and by preaching collectivistic principles to the aristocracy. When the prince finally realizes that he wants to marry her and that she may be in appalling danger, he rushes off to the castle of the villain only to meet the heroine dear after she has vanquished the villain herself. What you thought I needed to be deliver? she asks, thereby completely rewriting her gendered role. Works CitedBacchilega, C. (1997). Postmodern Fairytales Gender and history Strategies. Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania.Cole, B. (1986). Princess Smartypants. New York G.P. Putnams Sons.Rohrich, L. (1970). Folktales and Reality. Bloomington, IN Indiana University. Fairy Tales and Gender Roles Essay case -- Fairy Tales Gender SociaFairy Tales and Gender RolesSome things about fairy tales we know to be true. They begin with once upon a time. They end with happily ever after. And somewhere in between the prince rescues the damsel in distress. Of course, this is n ot actually the case. Many fairytales omit these essential words. But few fairytales in the Western tradition indeed fail to have a beautiful, unresisting maiden rescued by a vibrant man, usually her brilliant in either social rank or in honorable standing. Indeed, it is precisely the passivity of the women in fairy tales that has led so many progressive parents to wonder whether their children should be exposed to them. Can any missyfriend ever really believe that she can grow up to be president or CEO or an astronaut after fin viewings of Disneys Snow White?Bacchilega (1997, chapter 2) chooses Snow White as a some pure form of gender archetype in the fairytale. She is mostly flavor at Western traditions and focusing even more particularly on the two best known versions of this story in the West, the Disney animated film and the Grimm Brothers version of the tale. However, it is important to note (as Bacchilega herself does) that the Snow White tale has hundreds of vocal versions collected from Asia Minor, Africa and the Americas as well as from across Europe. These tales of course veer in the details The stepmother (or sometimes the mother herself) attacks Snow White in a variety of different ways, and the maiden is forced to take mental home with a number of different kinds of unlikely protectors robbers, assassins, giants, and fairies as well as those adorable Disney dwarves (Bacchilega, 1997, p. 29).Each version of Snow White, no matter how different the surface details, shares several factors in common that are central to the way gender is described and used in so many Western fairytales The heroine has a wondrous origin, she is innocent, she is persecuted at the hands of a jealous previous(a) woman, she is apparently killed (or dies) and she is then resurrected (Bacchilega, 1997, p. 31). The most striking of these elements is female jealousy, because while it is sure enough not essential to the plot, it is a ubiquitous element of these sto ries.Fairytales, like other commonly performed cultural texts, must be seen in some perceive as methods of instruction. We tell stories to our children to entertain and amuse them, to ... ...bmissive. When the princess gets tired of dealing with all the terribly obnoxious princes that her parents keep sending to her in an effort to get her married off, she turns Prince Swashbuckle into a gigantic warty toad. And when the other princes heard what had happened to Prince Swashbuckle, none of them wanted to marry Smartypants... and so she lived happily ever after (Cole, 1986, p. 29).And in the recent film version of Cinderella, (Ever After), the orphaned girl saves herself both through physical bravery and by preaching socialist principles to the aristocracy. When the prince finally realizes that he wants to marry her and that she may be in puckish danger, he rushes off to the castle of the villain only to meet the heroine well(p) after she has vanquished the villain herself. What y ou thought I needed to be rescued? she asks, thereby completely rewriting her gendered role. Works CitedBacchilega, C. (1997). Postmodern Fairytales Gender and communicative Strategies. Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania.Cole, B. (1986). Princess Smartypants. New York G.P. Putnams Sons.Rohrich, L. (1970). Folktales and Reality. Bloomington, IN Indiana University.

Twain’s Huckleberry Finn and Kerouac’s On the Road †The River and the

Twains Huckleberry Finn and Kerouacs On the path The River and the RoadOne element that separates a good fiction from a ample invention is its enduring effects on society. A great novel transcends time it changes and mirrors the consciousness of a civilization. One such novel is sucker Twains Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. For the past angiotensin converting enzyme hundred and fifteen years, it has remained in print and has been one of the most widely studied texts in senior high school schools and colleges. According to Lionel Trilling, its success is due to Twains voice of unpretentious truth (92) embodied in the young narrator Huck Finn who reveals the finesse and moral deprivation of society through his innocent observations. It is a picaresque novel, or novel of the road, where the river acts as the road that carries the characters on continuous adventures. 70 years after the publication of Huckleberry Finn, knave Kerouac began to write his picaresque novel entitled On the Road. Like Twains Huck Finn, Sal enlightenment is Kerouacs nave narrator who captures the essence of life in his depictions of experiences on the road. Both characters are amicable commentators regarding the conditions of their surroundings they are public barometers who account the state of societal values. Even though Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is heralded as one of the greatest American novels, Jack Kerouacs On the Road embraces a loftier, more mature, religious ideal of life that transcends Twains social commentary and will one day place it permanently in the anthologies of American literature. The similarities between Huckleberry Finn and On the Road are numerous and deserving consideration because they depict the hand in hand progression (one pursuance the other in ... ...76. Hunt, Tim. Kerouacs Crooked Road Development of Fiction. Hamden Archon Books, 1981. Kerouac, Jack. On the Road. New York Penguin, 1957. ---------, Jack. Selected Letters Jack Kerouac 1957- 1969. Ed. Ann Charters. New York Viking P, 1999. Nicosia, Gerald. Memory Babe A Critical Biography of Jack Kerouac. Berkeley U of California P, 1983. Swartz, Omar. The View from On the Road. Carbondale Southern Illinois UP 1999. Trilling, Lionel. A Certain Formal Aptness. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn A sequel Study in Critical Controversy. Eds. Gerald Graff and James Phelan. Boston Bedford, 1995. 284-85. Twain, Mark. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn A eccentric Study in Critical Controversy. Eds. Gerald Graff and James Phelan. Boston Bedford, 1995. Weinreich, Regina. The Spontaneous Poetics of Jack Kerouac. New York Paragon House, 1990.

Epic of Beowulf Essay - Beowulf as Epic Hero -- Epic of Beowulf Essay

Beowulf as Epic Hero Epic heroes usually present the character traits most admired in their societies, and Beowulf is no exception. Beowulf is set in the Anglo-Saxon society, a time when war was rampant among the some hatfuls stressful to take over the different kingdoms of England. In this dangerous, violent time people lived in constant peril and jeopardy. These conditions only allowed people of great brain truth to survive and men of outstanding courage were admired the populous. These warriors fought for their leader and people in return for treasure and protection. This relationship between the lord and his men was the basis of the Anglo-Saxon society. The epic poem Beowulf is a perfect recitation of how this system worked in these trying measure. The warrior in the Anglo-Saxon civilization had many duties to fulfill. He was cause to respect and protect his lord as wholesome as defend his lords awarding. The demonstration of personal valor was also very important in these times. Beowulf is Higlacs Follower and plant life to please his lord. He is terror-struck that My lord Higlac / Might think less of me (l 191-192) if he uses weapons in battle. not only does Beowulf work to please his lord, but he also works to protect Hrothgar, the lord of the Danes. As the poem shows, when In his far-off lieu Beowulf...(l 131) Heard how Grendel fill nights with horror And quickly commanded a boat fitted out, Proclaiming that hed go to that famous king, Would sail across the sea to Hrothgar (l 134-137). Beowulf is going out of his way, across the sea to religious service a lord whom he is not obligated to. He is doing so out of choice to show his respect for Hrothgar, and to help the poor people threatened by Grendel. G... ...s. Both Hrothgar and Beowulf adequately filled their places as a ruler. As clearly indicated through the characters of Beowulf and Hrothgar, the ruler-warrior relationship during times of great danger was very important for the su rvival of the Anglo-Saxons. As great as this relationship remained stable, some(prenominal) the ruler and warrior would remain protected, rewarded, and fairly happy. Beowulf and Hrothgar both men of great valor, were praised by all. This simple system set up between warrior and leader was the basis of society at the times, and destroying this structure would for sure destroy a tribes chances of survival in this time of peril. Therefore, if Beowulf did not honor the Danes lord and Grendel was allowed to live, Hrothgar and the Danes would surely see their demise. This is perhaps why bravery was of much(prenominal) high necessity in the Anglo-Saxon society.

Communism Essay -- Communism Essays

Communism had one of the greatest governmental impacts than any other governmental bringing close togethers in the 20th century more or less the world. What is important and interesting about fabianism is its background, concept, and why many countries harbor to this idea. This essay will generally focus on the background, ideology, and why the countries and political parties applied to this idea.Communism did not exist until the 18th century. The idea of communism originated from the industrial revolution in Great Britain and French Revolution in France. These two revolutions had proven the fact that rich and power could be successfully challenged by the poor the powerless people. During this time A German philosopher and economist born in 1818, who lived most of his life in England, Karl Marx (Communism, pg 7) was very apprised of the huge gap between the rich and the poor. The poor were starving plot of ground the rich were luxurious and wealthy. Marx wanted to change th is, and he wanted to practise things right, so the best way to accomplish the goal is through the idea of socialism or communismThe forge communism comes from the French word commun which means belong to all. (Communism, pg 6) The idea and concept of communism is very resembling to socialism. Under socialism, there will be shared ownership merely people would still be rewarded according to how much work they contrive done. (Communism, pg 5) In contrast...

Mortuary Practices and Afterlife of the Choctaw Essay -- Sociology, Tr

The Choctaws thrived in the fecund sandy, red-clay soil, rolling hills, and dense forests, located in the Central Hills of the east-central section of Mississippi. The estimated population after early European contact was between 15,000 and 20,000 and was the randomness largest group of Native Americans in the Southeast (Blitz 1988127).The Choctaws in the Southeast were a matrilineal society. Traditionally, women preformed tasks related to domestic life. Among these responsibilities were creating pottery and utensils, food preparation, and planting and harvest-festival crops. The majority of their diet consisted of agricultural products such as corn, pumpkins, squash, and beans. Women would also practise men on hunting excursions in order to provide food preparation. After the hunt, women were responsible for transporting the slain animal back to the village for impact of skins, bone, and meat (Carson 1995495-6).The greatest responsibilities of the Choctaw men were huntin g and warf be. During the fall and winter months, their autochthonic food source was deer. Their accomplishments on hunting adventures directly reflected upon their social situation and importance within the tribe.When a Choctaw tribal member became terminally ill, it was coarse practice for the medicine man to inform the family of impending death (Swanton 1931170). Upon death, the Choctaws believed that the sense of smell of the dead continued on a voyage to either the hot hunting ground or the bad hunting ground. This move would micturate many days, which would require the proper provisions. A dog would sometimes be slain in order to accompany his master on the foresighted journey. After the introduction of horses, they, too, were killed so that the spirit had means of t... ...uilt or fear, and travail to dodge the stones. Slipping from the log, he would fall into the raging river and over the waterfall, landing in rapidly swirling pool of water. Pulling his bea ten, tattered, and unclothed body from the water, the shilup, begins his journey into the bad hunting grounds. all(prenominal) step is filled with the pain from briars, hard trees, chestnut burs. The sun never shines and cold winds are always present. Every spirit encountered is an enemy with no safe place to take refuge. sustenance is scarce, due to unfertile soil, and hunger is constant. The bad hunting grounds are perpetually lonely, with only the joyous sounds coming from the other side of the mountains. The damned spirits constantly struggle to climb the treacherous mountains, but to no avail. They are eternally destined to an afterlife of desolation (Campbell 1959149-52).